Guaifenesin Liquid

Pronunciation: gwye-FEN-eh-sin
Generic Name: Guaifenesin
Brand Name: Examples include Guaituss and Robitussin Maximum Strength

Guaifenesin Liquid is used for:

Relieving symptoms of an unproductive cough and mucus in the chest due to colds, flu, or hay fever. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Guaifenesin Liquid is an expectorant. It works by thinning mucus (phlegm) in the lungs and making it less sticky and easier to cough up. This reduces chest congestion by making coughs more productive.

Do NOT use Guaifenesin Liquid if:

• you are allergic to any ingredient in Guaifenesin Liquid

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Guaifenesin Liquid:

Some medical conditions may interact with Guaifenesin Liquid. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

• if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding


• if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement


• if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances


• if you have a chronic cough that occurs with smoking, asthma, chronic bronchitis, or emphysema, or if your cough occurs with large amounts of mucus

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Guaifenesin Liquid. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines. However, no specific interactions with Guaifenesin Liquid are known at this time.

Ask your health care provider if Guaifenesin Liquid may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Guaifenesin Liquid:

Use Guaifenesin Liquid as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

• Take Guaifenesin Liquid by mouth with or without food.


• Use a measuring device marked for medicine dosing. Ask your pharmacist for help if you are unsure of how to measure this dose.


• Drinking extra fluids while you are taking Guaifenesin Liquid is recommended. Check with your doctor for instructions.


• If you miss a dose of Guaifenesin Liquid and you are taking it regularly, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose. Go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Guaifenesin Liquid.

Important safety information:

• If cough persists for more than 1 week or is accompanied by a fever, contact your health care provider. A persistent cough could be a sign of a serious condition.


• Some of these products contain phenylalanine. If you must have a diet that is low in phenylalanine, ask your pharmacist if it is in your product.


• Different brands of Guaifenesin Liquid may have different dosing instructions for CHILDREN. Follow the dosing instructions on the package labeling. If your doctor has given you instructions, follow those. If you are unsure of the dose to give a child, check with your doctor or pharmacist.


• PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of using Guaifenesin Liquid while pregnant. It is not known if Guaifenesin Liquid is found in breast milk. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you are using Guaifenesin Liquid, check with your doctor or pharmacist to discuss the risks to your baby.

Possible side effects of Guaifenesin Liquid:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Nausea; vomiting.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue).

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

See also: Guaifenesin side effects (in more detail)

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately.

Proper storage of Guaifenesin Liquid:

Store Guaifenesin Liquid at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C). Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Guaifenesin Liquid out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

• If you have any questions about Guaifenesin Liquid, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.


• Guaifenesin Liquid is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.


• If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.


• Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Guaifenesin Liquid. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Guaifenesin resources

• Guaifenesin Side Effects (in more detail)
• Guaifenesin Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Drug Images
• Guaifenesin Support Group
• 51 Reviews for Guaifenesin - Add your own review/rating

Compare Guaifenesin with other medications

• Bronchitis
• Cough
• Fibromyalgia

Panadol Night

1. Name Of The Medicinal Product

Panadol Night or Panadol NightPain

2. Qualitative And Quantitative Composition

Each tablet contains Paracetamol Ph Eur 500.0 mg and Diphenhydramine hydrochloride Ph Eur 25.0 mg.

Also contains lactose monohydrate.

3. Pharmaceutical Form

Film-coated tablets

Blue film coated capsule shaped tablets embossed 'PM' on one face.

4. Clinical Particulars

4.1 Therapeutic Indications

For the short term treatment of bedtime pain, for example rheumatic and muscle pain, backache, neuralgia, toothache, migraine, headache and period pain which is causing difficulty in getting to sleep.

4.2 Posology And Method Of Administration

Oral administration only.

Do not exceed the stated dose or frequency of dosing.

Children:	Not recommended for children under 12 years of age except on medical advice.
Adults and Elderly:	2 tablets to be taken 20 minutes before bedtime. Maximum daily dose: Two tablets (1000 mg paracetamol, 50 mg diphenhydramine hydrochloride) in 24 hours. Other products containing paracetamol may be taken for daytime pain relief but at a reduced maximum dose of 6 tablets in 24 hours. The dose should not be repeated more frequently than every four hours.

Patients should not take the tablets for more than 7 consecutive nights without consulting their doctor.

4.3 Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to paracetamol, diphenhydramine hydrochloride or other constituents. Closed angle glaucoma. Porphyria. Acute asthma. Antihistamines are contraindicated in premature infants or neonates who have increased susceptibility to antimuscarinic effects.

4.4 Special Warnings And Precautions For Use

Antihistamines should be used with caution in conditions such as epilepsy, prostatic hypertrophy, glaucoma, urinary retention, pyloroduodenal obstruction, or myasthenia gravis. Care is advised in the administration to patients with severe renal or severe hepatic impairment. The hazard of overdose is greater in those with non-cirrhotic alcoholic liver disease.

Do not exceed the recommended dose.

Patients should be advised to consult their doctor if their headaches become persistent.

Patients should be advised not to take other paracetamol containing products, other products containing antihistamines, other drugs with sedating properties, or alcohol concurrently.

May cause drowsiness.

Keep out of the reach of children.

If symptoms persist for more than 7 days medical advice should be sought. Antihistamines should be used with caution in the elderly as they may be more susceptible to adverse effects, in those with severe cardiovascular disease and patients with asthma or chronic pulmonary disease.

Patients with rare hereditary problems of galactose intolerance, the Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsoprtion should not take this medicine.

Pack Label:

Immediate medical advice should be sought in the event of an overdose, even if you feel well. Do not take with any other paracetamol-containing products.

Patient Information Leaflet:

Immediate medical advice should be sought in the event of an overdose, even if you feel well, because of the risk of delayed, serious liver damage.

4.5 Interaction With Other Medicinal Products And Other Forms Of Interaction

The speed of absorption of paracetamol may be increased by metoclopramide or domperidone and absorption reduced by colestyramine. The anticoagulant effect of warfarin and other coumarins may be enhanced by prolonged regular daily use of paracetamol with increased risk of bleeding; occasional doses have no significant effect.

Diphenhydramine hydrochloride may enhance the sedative action of central nervous system depressants including alcohol, barbiturates, hypnotics, opioid analgesics, anxiolytic sedatives and neuroleptics. MAOIs may enhance the antimuscarinic effects of antihistamines. Antihistamines may have an additive antimuscarinic action with other antimuscarinic drugs such as atropine and tricyclic antidepressants.

4.6 Pregnancy And Lactation

Epidemiological studies in human pregnancy have shown no ill effects due to paracetamol used in the recommended dosage, but patients should follow the advice of their doctor regarding its use. Paracetamol is excreted in breast milk but not in a clinically significant amount. Available published data do not contraindicate breast feeding. There is inadequate evidence for the safety of diphenhydramine hydrochloride in human pregnancy. Diphenhydramine has been detected in breast milk. Because of the higher risks of antihistamines for infants diphenhydramine is not recommended in nursing mothers.

4.7 Effects On Ability To Drive And Use Machines

Patients should be advised not to drive or operate machinery if affected by drowsiness.

4.8 Undesirable Effects

Adverse effects of paracetamol are rare but hypersensitivity including skin rash may occur. There have been a few reports of blood dyscrasias including thrombocytopenia and agranulocytosis but these were not necessarily causally related to paracetamol. Adverse effects of diphenhydramine hydrochloride may include sedation. Antimuscarinic effects include dry mouth, urinary retention, blurred vision, thickened respiratory tract secretions and chest tightness. In high doses transient bradycardia followed by tachycardia may occur. Other side effects that may occur occasionally are headache, rashes, cross sensitivity to related drugs, photosensitivity, gastrointestinal disturbance and psychomotor impairment. Blood disorders including agranulocytosis, leucopenia, haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia and jaundice though rare have been reported with antihistamines. Paradoxical stimulation may rarely occur especially in high doses or in children.

4.9 Overdose

Liver damage is possible in adults who have taken 10 g or more of paracetamol. Ingestion of 5 g or more of paracetamol may lead to liver damage if the patient has risk factors (see below).

Risk Factors:

If the patient

• Is on long term treatment with carbamazepine, phenobarbitone, phenytoin, primidone, rifampicin, St John's Wort or other drugs that induce liver enzymes.

Or

• Regularly consumes ethanol in excess of recommended amounts.

Or

• Is likely to be glutathione deplete e.g. eating disorders, cystic fibrosis, HIV infection, starvation, cachexia.

Symptoms

Symptoms of paracetamol overdose in the first 24 hours are pallor, nausea, vomiting, anorexia and abdominal pain. Liver damage may become apparent 12 to 48 hours after ingestion. Abnormalities of glucose metabolism and metabolic acidosis may occur. In severe poisoning, hepatic failure may progress to encephalopathy, haemorrhage, hypoglycaemia, cerebral oedema and death. Acute renal failure with acute tubular necrosis, strongly suggested by loin pain, haematuria and proteinuria, may develop even in the absence of severe liver damage. Cardiac arrhythmias and pancreatitis have been reported.

Management

Immediate treatment is essential in the management of paracetamol overdose. Despite a lack of significant early symptoms, patients should be referred to hospital urgently for immediate medical attention. Symptoms may be limited to nausea or vomiting and may not reflect the severity of overdose or the risk of organ damage. Management should be in accordance with established treatment guidelines, see BNF overdose section.

Treatment with activated charcoal should be considered if the overdose has been taken within 1 hour. Plasma paracetamol concentration should be measured at 4 hours or later after ingestion (earlier concentrations are unreliable). Treatment with N-acetylcysteine may be used up to 24 hours after ingestion of paracetamol, however, the maximum protective effect is obtained up to 8 hours post-ingestion. The effectiveness of the antidote declines sharply after this time. If required the patient should be given intravenous N-acetylcysteine, in line with the established dosage schedule. If vomiting is not a problem, oral methionine may be a suitable alternative for remote areas, outside hospital. Management of patients who present with serious hepatic dysfunction beyond 24h from ingestion should be discussed with the NPIS or a liver unit.

Mild cases of overdose with antihistamines are mainly characterised by prominent anticholinergic effects including dry mouth, headache, nausea, tachycardia and urinary retention. Larger overdoses will have additional antihistamine effects which may depress or stimulate the CNS. In small children, the stimulatory effects predominate and clinical features include hallucinations, ataxia and convulsions. The child may be hot, flushed and have dilated pupils. Cardiorespiratory depression and coma can subsequently develop followed by rapid death. Overdosing diphenhydramine in adults usually results in drowsiness followed by convulsions and coma. Fever and flushing are uncommon. Overdosed patients are best treated by gastric lavage and supportive measures. Administration of activated charcoal may be useful. Convulsions can be controlled with diazepam. Peripheral anticholinergic effects can be controlled with subcutaneous neostigmine.

5. Pharmacological Properties

5.1 Pharmacodynamic Properties

Paracetamol has analgesic and antipyretic effects. It is only a weak inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, although there is some evidence to suggest that it may be more effective against enzymes in the CNS than those in the periphery. This fact may partly account for its ability to reduce fever (a central action) and to induce analgesia. Diphenhydramine is an ethanolamine class antihistamine that acts predominantly as a competitive but reversible inhibitor of histamine at the H₁ receptor sites. However, like most H₁ antihistamines it has additional sedative anticholinergic (antimuscarinic) and local anaesthetic properties.

5.2 Pharmacokinetic Properties

Paracetamol is rapidly and almost completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Concentration in plasma generally reaches a peak in 30-120 minutes; plasma half-life is 1-4 hours. Paracetamol is relatively uniformly distributed throughout most body fluids. Plasma binding is variable. Excretion is almost exclusively renal in the form of conjugates. Diphenhydramine is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract following oral administration. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved in 2 to 3 hours and the effects usually last 4 to 6 hours. Diphenhydramine is extensively metabolised mainly in the liver, and excreted usually as metabolites in the urine.

5.3 Preclinical Safety Data

None stated.

6. Pharmaceutical Particulars

6.1 List Of Excipients

Tablet cores:

Maize starch

starch pre-gelatinised

potassium sorbate

povidone

purified talc

stearic acid

Film coating:

hypromellose (E 464)

titanium dioxide (E 171)

lactose monohydrate

macrogol 400

triacetin

brilliant blue FCF (E 133)

indigo carmine (E 132)

carnauba wax.

6.2 Incompatibilities

None.

6.3 Shelf Life

24 months.

6.4 Special Precautions For Storage

Store below 25°C in a dry place.

6.5 Nature And Contents Of Container

White PVDC coated PVC (250µm) and aluminium foil (30µm) child-resistant blister packed into outer cardboard cartons, containing 10 or 20 tablets.

Not all pack sizes may be marketed.

6.6 Special Precautions For Disposal And Other Handling

Not applicable

7. Marketing Authorisation Holder

SmithKline Beecham (SWG) Limited

980 Great West Road

Brentford

Middlesex

TW8 9GS

United Kingdom

Trading as Sterling Health

or as GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare

or as SmithKline Beecham International

Brentford

TW8 9GS

8. Marketing Authorisation Number(S)

PL 00071/0423

9. Date Of First Authorisation/Renewal Of The Authorisation

19/01/1996 / 09/06/2005

10. Date Of Revision Of The Text

11/12/2009

Prelone

Generic Name: prednisolone (Oral route)

pred-NIS-oh-lone

Commonly used brand name(s)

In the U.S.

• Bubbli-Pred


• Cotolone


• Flo-Pred


• Millipred


• Millipred DP


• Orapred


• Orapred ODT


• Pediapred


• Prelone


• Veripred 20

In Canada

• Pms-Prednisolone

Available Dosage Forms:

• Solution


• Tablet


• Syrup


• Suspension


• Liquid


• Tablet, Disintegrating

Therapeutic Class: Endocrine-Metabolic Agent

Pharmacologic Class: Adrenal Glucocorticoid

Uses For Prelone

Prednisolone provides relief for inflamed areas of the body. It is used to treat a number of different conditions, such as inflammation (swelling), severe allergies, adrenal problems, arthritis, asthma, blood or bone marrow problems, eye or vision problems, lupus, skin conditions, kidney problems, ulcerative colitis, and flare-ups of multiple sclerosis. Prednisolone is a corticosteroid (cortisone-like medicine or steroid). It works on the immune system to help relieve swelling, redness, itching, and allergic reactions.

This medicine is available only with your doctor's prescription.

Before Using Prelone

In deciding to use a medicine, the risks of taking the medicine must be weighed against the good it will do. This is a decision you and your doctor will make. For this medicine, the following should be considered:

Allergies

Tell your doctor if you have ever had any unusual or allergic reaction to this medicine or any other medicines. Also tell your health care professional if you have any other types of allergies, such as to foods, dyes, preservatives, or animals. For non-prescription products, read the label or package ingredients carefully.

Pediatric

Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated pediatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of prednisolone in children. However, pediatric patients are more likely to have slower growth and bone problems if prednisolone is used for a long time. Recommended doses should not be exceeded, and the patient should be carefully monitored during therapy.

Geriatric

Appropriate studies performed to date have not demonstrated geriatric-specific problems that would limit the usefulness of prednisolone in the elderly. However, elderly patients are more likely to have age-related kidney and bone problems, which may require caution and an adjustment in the dose for elderly patients receiving prednisolone.

Pregnancy

	Pregnancy Category	Explanation
All Trimesters	C	Animal studies have shown an adverse effect and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women OR no animal studies have been conducted and there are no adequate studies in pregnant women.

Breast Feeding

Studies in women suggest that this medication poses minimal risk to the infant when used during breastfeeding.

Interactions with Medicines

Although certain medicines should not be used together at all, in other cases two different medicines may be used together even if an interaction might occur. In these cases, your doctor may want to change the dose, or other precautions may be necessary. When you are taking this medicine, it is especially important that your healthcare professional know if you are taking any of the medicines listed below. The following interactions have been selected on the basis of their potential significance and are not necessarily all-inclusive.

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is not recommended. Your doctor may decide not to treat you with this medication or change some of the other medicines you take.

• Rotavirus Vaccine, Live

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines is usually not recommended, but may be required in some cases. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Aldesleukin


• Asparaginase


• Bupropion


• Quetiapine

Using this medicine with any of the following medicines may cause an increased risk of certain side effects, but using both drugs may be the best treatment for you. If both medicines are prescribed together, your doctor may change the dose or how often you use one or both of the medicines.

• Alatrofloxacin


• Alcuronium


• Amobarbital


• Aspirin


• Atracurium


• Balofloxacin


• Cinoxacin


• Ciprofloxacin


• Clinafloxacin


• Desogestrel


• Dienogest


• Drospirenone


• Enoxacin


• Estradiol Cypionate


• Estradiol Valerate


• Ethinyl Estradiol


• Ethynodiol Diacetate


• Etonogestrel


• Fleroxacin


• Flumequine


• Fosphenytoin


• Gallamine


• Gemifloxacin


• Grepafloxacin


• Hexafluorenium


• Itraconazole


• Levofloxacin


• Levonorgestrel


• Licorice


• Lomefloxacin


• Medroxyprogesterone Acetate


• Mestranol


• Metocurine


• Moxifloxacin


• Norelgestromin


• Norethindrone


• Norfloxacin


• Norgestimate


• Norgestrel


• Ofloxacin


• Pefloxacin


• Phenytoin


• Primidone


• Prulifloxacin


• Rifampin


• Rosoxacin


• Rufloxacin


• Saiboku-To


• Sparfloxacin


• Temafloxacin


• Tosufloxacin


• Trovafloxacin Mesylate


• Vecuronium

Interactions with Food/Tobacco/Alcohol

Certain medicines should not be used at or around the time of eating food or eating certain types of food since interactions may occur. Using alcohol or tobacco with certain medicines may also cause interactions to occur. Discuss with your healthcare professional the use of your medicine with food, alcohol, or tobacco.

Other Medical Problems

The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other medical problems, especially:

• Cataracts or


• Congestive heart failure or


• Cushing's syndrome (adrenal gland problem) or


• Diabetes or


• Eye infection or


• Glaucoma or


• Hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) or


• Hypertension (high blood pressure) or


• Infection (e.g., bacterial, virus, or fungus) or


• Mood changes, including depression or


• Myasthenia gravis (severe muscle weakness) or


• Osteoporosis (weak bones) or


• Peptic ulcer, active or history of or


• Personality changes or


• Stomach or intestinal problems (e.g., diverticulitis, ulcerative colitis) or


• Tuberculosis, inactive—Use with caution. May make these conditions worse.

• Fungal infections or


• Herpes simplex eye infection—Should not be used in patients with these conditions.

• Kidney disease—Use with caution. The effects may be increased because of slower removal of the medicine from the body.

Proper Use of prednisolone

This section provides information on the proper use of a number of products that contain prednisolone. It may not be specific to Prelone. Please read with care.

Take this medicine exactly as directed by your doctor. Do not take more of it, do not take it more often, and do not take it for a longer time than your doctor ordered. To do so may increase the chance for unwanted effects.

This medicine comes with a patient instruction insert. Read and follow the instructions in the insert carefully. Ask your doctor if you have any questions.

This medicine should be taken with food to avoid stomach irritation.

Measure the oral liquid with the special oral syringe that comes with the package. The average household teaspoon may not hold the right amount of liquid.

If you use this medicine for a long time, do not suddenly stop using it without checking first with your doctor. You may need to slowly decrease your dose before stopping it completely.

Dosing

The dose of this medicine will be different for different patients. Follow your doctor's orders or the directions on the label. The following information includes only the average doses of this medicine. If your dose is different, do not change it unless your doctor tells you to do so.

The amount of medicine that you take depends on the strength of the medicine. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine.

• For oral dosage form (solution, suspension, syrup, tablets):
  
  • Dose depends on medical condition:
    
    • Adults—At first, 5 to 60 milligrams (mg) per day. Your doctor may adjust your dose as needed.
    
    
    • Children—Dose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. The dose is usually 0.14 to 2 mg per kilogram (kg) of body weight per day, divided and taken 3 or 4 times a day. Your doctor may adjust your dose as needed.
    
    
  
  

Missed Dose

If you miss a dose of this medicine, take it as soon as possible. However, if it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not double doses.

Storage

Store the medicine in a closed container at room temperature, away from heat, moisture, and direct light. Keep from freezing.

Keep out of the reach of children.

Do not keep outdated medicine or medicine no longer needed.

Ask your healthcare professional how you should dispose of any medicine you do not use.

Precautions While Using Prelone

If you will be taking this medicine for a long time, it is very important that your doctor check you at regular visits for any unwanted effects that may be caused by this medicine. Blood or urine tests may be needed to check for unwanted effects.

Using this medicine while you are pregnant can harm your unborn baby. Use an effective form of birth control to keep from getting pregnant. If you think you have become pregnant while using this medicine, tell your doctor right away.

Using too much of this medicine or using it for a long time may increase your risk of having adrenal gland problems. Talk to your doctor right away if you have more than one of these symptoms while you are using this medicine: blurred vision; dizziness or fainting; a fast, irregular, or pounding heartbeat; increased thirst or urination; irritability; or unusual tiredness or weakness.

This medicine may cause you to get more infections than usual. Avoid people who are sick or have infections and wash your hands often. If you are exposed to chickenpox or measles, tell your doctor right away. If you start to have a fever, chills, sore throat, or any other sign of an infection, call your doctor right away.

This medicine may cause changes in mood or behavior for some patients. Tell your doctor right away if you have depression; mood swings; a false or unusual sense of well-being; trouble with sleeping; or personality changes while taking this medicine.

This medicine might cause thinning of the bones (osteoporosis) or slow growth in children if used for a long time. Tell your doctor if you have any bone pain or if you have an increased risk for osteoporosis. If your child is using this medicine, tell the doctor if you think your child is not growing properly.

If you are using this medicine for a long time, tell your doctor about any extra stress or anxiety in your life, including other health concerns and emotional stress. Your dose of this medicine might need to be changed for a short time while you have extra stress.

Check with your doctor right away if blurred vision, difficulty in reading, or any other change in vision occurs during or after treatment. Your doctor may want you to have your eyes checked by an ophthalmologist (eye doctor).

While you are being treated with prednisolone, do not have any immunizations (vaccines) without your doctor's approval. Prednisolone may lower your body's resistance and the vaccine may not work as well or you might get the infection the vaccine is meant to prevent. In addition, you should not be around other persons living in your household who receive live virus vaccines because there is a chance they could pass the virus on to you. Some examples of live vaccines include measles, mumps, influenza (nasal flu vaccine), poliovirus (oral form), rotavirus, and rubella. Do not get close to them and do not stay in the same room with them for very long. If you have questions about this, talk to your doctor.

Make sure any doctor or dentist who treats you knows that you are using this medicine. This medicine may affect the results of certain skin tests.

Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. This includes prescription or nonprescription (over-the-counter [OTC]) medicines and herbal or vitamin supplements.

Prelone Side Effects

Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. Although not all of these side effects may occur, if they do occur they may need medical attention.

Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur:

More common

• Aggression


• agitation


• anxiety


• blurred vision


• decrease in the amount of urine


• dizziness


• fast, slow, pounding, or irregular heartbeat or pulse


• headache


• irritability


• mental depression


• mood changes


• nervousness


• noisy, rattling breathing


• numbness or tingling in the arms or legs


• pounding in the ears


• shortness of breath


• swelling of the fingers, hands, feet, or lower legs


• trouble thinking, speaking, or walking


• troubled breathing at rest


• weight gain

Incidence not known

• Abdominal cramping and/or burning (severe)


• abdominal pain


• backache


• bloody, black, or tarry stools


• cough or hoarseness


• darkening of skin


• decrease in height


• decreased vision


• diarrhea


• dry mouth


• eye pain


• eye tearing


• facial hair growth in females


• fainting


• fatigue


• fever or chills


• flushed, dry skin


• fractures


• fruit-like breath odor


• full or round face, neck, or trunk


• heartburn and/or indigestion (severe and continuous)


• increased hunger


• increased thirst


• increased urination


• loss of appetite


• loss of sexual desire or ability


• lower back or side pain


• menstrual irregularities


• muscle pain or tenderness


• muscle wasting or weakness


• nausea


• pain in back, ribs, arms, or legs


• painful or difficult urination


• skin rash


• sleeplessness


• sweating


• trouble healing


• trouble sleeping


• unexplained weight loss


• unusual tiredness or weakness


• vision changes


• vomiting


• vomiting of material that looks like coffee grounds

Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. These side effects may go away during treatment as your body adjusts to the medicine. Also, your health care professional may be able to tell you about ways to prevent or reduce some of these side effects. Check with your health care professional if any of the following side effects continue or are bothersome or if you have any questions about them:

More common

• Increased appetite

Incidence not known

• Abnormal fat deposits on the face, neck, and trunk


• acne


• dry scalp


• lightening of normal skin color


• red face


• reddish purple lines on the arms, face, legs, trunk, or groin


• swelling of the stomach area


• thinning of the scalp hair

Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. If you notice any other effects, check with your healthcare professional.

Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088.

The information contained in the Thomson Reuters Micromedex products as delivered by Drugs.com is intended as an educational aid only. It is not intended as medical advice for individual conditions or treatment. It is not a substitute for a medical exam, nor does it replace the need for services provided by medical professionals. Talk to your doctor, nurse or pharmacist before taking any prescription or over the counter drugs (including any herbal medicines or supplements) or following any treatment or regimen. Only your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist can provide you with advice on what is safe and effective for you.

The use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products is at your sole risk. These products are provided "AS IS" and "as available" for use, without warranties of any kind, either express or implied. Thomson Reuters Healthcare and Drugs.com make no representation or warranty as to the accuracy, reliability, timeliness, usefulness or completeness of any of the information contained in the products. Additionally, THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE MAKES NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE OPINIONS OR OTHER SERVICE OR DATA YOU MAY ACCESS, DOWNLOAD OR USE AS A RESULT OF USE OF THE THOMSON REUTERS HEALTHCARE PRODUCTS. ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE ARE HEREBY EXCLUDED. Thomson Reuters Healthcare does not assume any responsibility or risk for your use of the Thomson Reuters Healthcare products.

Indivina

Indivina may be available in the countries listed below.

UK matches:

• Indivina
• Indivina (SPC)

Ingredient matches for Indivina

Estradiol

Estradiol 17ß-valerate (a derivative of Estradiol) is reported as an ingredient of Indivina in the following countries:

• Denmark


• Germany


• Hungary


• Lithuania


• Norway


• Slovakia


• Sweden


• Switzerland


• Taiwan


• Thailand


• United Kingdom

Medroxyprogesterone

Medroxyprogesterone 17α-acetate (a derivative of Medroxyprogesterone) is reported as an ingredient of Indivina in the following countries:

• Denmark


• Germany


• Hungary


• Lithuania


• Norway


• Slovakia


• Sweden


• Switzerland


• Taiwan


• Thailand


• United Kingdom

International Drug Name Search

Glossary

SPC	Summary of Product Characteristics (UK)

Click for further information on drug naming conventions and International Nonproprietary Names.

Entecavir

Pronunciation: en-TEK-a-vir
Generic Name: Entecavir
Brand Name: Baraclude

Entecavir may increase the risk of severe and sometimes fatal lactic acidosis (buildup of lactic acid in the blood) or liver problems when used alone or with other medicines. The risk may be greater in women, in patients who are very overweight, or in patients who have been on Entecavir or similar medicines for a prolonged period of time. Patients with certain serious liver problems may also have a higher risk of developing lactic acidosis. Contact your doctor right away if you experience muscle pain, fast or irregular heartbeat, stomach pain, trouble breathing, an unusually cold feeling in the arms or legs, unusual tiredness or fatigue, yellowing of the skin or eyes, dark urine, pale stools, or persistent loss of appetite.

A severe worsening of your condition may occur if you stop taking Entecavir. Do not change your dose or stop taking Entecavir without first talking to your doctor. Lab tests, including liver function tests, may be performed for at least several months after you stop taking Entecavir.

Entecavir should not be used in patients who also have HIV infection and are not receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). If you have HIV infection or think that you may have been exposed to HIV, talk with your doctor before you begin to take Entecavir.

Entecavir is used for:

Treating hepatitis B virus infection in certain patients.

Entecavir is a nucleoside analogue. It works by reducing the amount of hepatitis B virus in the blood. It also helps prevent the hepatitis B virus from multiplying and infecting new liver cells.

Do NOT use Entecavir if:

• you are allergic to any ingredient in Entecavir


• you have HIV infection and you are not receiving HAART

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Entecavir:

Some medical conditions may interact with Entecavir. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

• if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding


• if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement


• if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances


• if you have HIV infection or kidney problems, or if you are on dialysis


• if you have a history of liver problems or you have had a liver transplant


• if you are very overweight


• if you have received medicine to treat hepatitis B in the past or if you have been taking nucleoside analogues for a long time

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Entecavir. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

• Medicines that may harm the kidney (eg, aminoglycoside antibiotics [eg, gentamicin], amphotericin B, cyclosporine, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] [eg, ibuprofen], tacrolimus, vancomycin) because they may increase the risk of Entecavir's side effects. Ask your doctor if you are unsure if any of your medicines may harm the kidneys.

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Entecavir may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Entecavir:

Use Entecavir as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

• An extra patient leaflet is available with Entecavir. Talk to your pharmacist if you have questions about this information.


• Take Entecavir on an empty stomach, at least 2 hours after a meal and at least 2 hours before the next meal.


• Entecavir works best if it is taken at the same time each day.


• Continue to take Entecavir even if you feel well. Do not miss any doses.


• If you miss a dose of Entecavir, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Entecavir.

Important safety information:

• Entecavir may cause dizziness. These effects may be worse if you take it with alcohol or certain medicines. Use Entecavir with caution. Do not drive or perform other possibly unsafe tasks until you know how you react to it.


• Entecavir does not stop you from spreading hepatitis B virus to others through sexual contact, sharing needles, or being exposed to your blood. Use barrier methods of birth control (eg, condoms) if you have hepatitis B virus infection. Talk with your doctor about safe sexual practices that protect your partner. Never share needles or other injection supplies. Do not share personal items that may have blood or body fluids on them, like toothbrushes or razors. A vaccine is available to protect people at risk from becoming infected with hepatitis B virus.


• Do not change your dose without checking with your doctor.


• Entecavir is not a cure for hepatitis B virus infection. Remain under the care of your doctor.


• When your medicine supply is low, get more from your doctor or pharmacist as soon as you can. Do not stop taking Entecavir, even for a short period of time. If you do, the virus may grow resistant to the medicine and become harder to treat.


• Lab tests, including liver and kidney function and HIV and hepatitis B virus antibody, may be performed while you use Entecavir and for several months after you stop Entecavir. These tests may be used to monitor your condition or check for side effects. Be sure to keep all doctor and lab appointments.


• Use Entecavir with caution in the ELDERLY; they may be more sensitive to its effects.


• Entecavir should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN younger than 16 years old; safety and effectiveness in these children have not been confirmed.


• PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of taking Entecavir while you are pregnant. It is not known if Entecavir is found in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Entecavir.

Possible side effects of Entecavir:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. Check with your doctor if any of these most COMMON side effects persist or become bothersome:

Diarrhea; dizziness; drowsiness; headache; indigestion; nausea; tiredness; trouble sleeping; vomiting.

Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue); dark-colored urine; difficulty breathing; fast or irregular heartbeat; feeling cold, especially in the arms or legs; light-colored bowel movements; loss of appetite for several days; muscle pain; severe dizziness or lightheadedness; severe or prolonged nausea or vomiting; severe tiredness; stomach pain (with or without nausea or vomiting); weakness; yellowing of the skin or eyes.

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

See also: Entecavir side effects (in more detail)

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately.

Proper storage of Entecavir:

Store Entecavir at 77 degrees F (25 degrees C). Brief storage at temperatures between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 to 30 degrees C) is permitted. Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Entecavir out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

• If you have any questions about Entecavir, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.


• Entecavir is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.


• If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.


• Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Entecavir. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Entecavir resources

• Entecavir Side Effects (in more detail)
• Entecavir Dosage
• Entecavir Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Entecavir Drug Interactions
• Entecavir Support Group
• 0 Reviews for Entecavir - Add your own review/rating

• Entecavir Professional Patient Advice (Wolters Kluwer)


• Entecavir Monograph (AHFS DI)


• entecavir Advanced Consumer (Micromedex) - Includes Dosage Information


• Baraclude Prescribing Information (FDA)


• Baraclude Consumer Overview

Compare Entecavir with other medications

• Hepatitis B

Hyperadrenocorticism Medications

There are currently no drugs listed for "Hyperadrenocorticism".

Definition of Hyperadrenocorticism:

Excess hormone called cortisol. Often called cushing's syndrome, it is an extremely complex condition that involves many areas of the body. It results from an excess of cortisol and its effects on the human body.

Common symptoms are thinning of the skin, weakness, weight gain, bruising, hypertension, diabetes, weak bones (osteoporosis), facial puffiness, and in women cessation of periods. One of the commonest causes of cushing's syndrome is the administration of cortisol-like medications for the treatment of diverse diseases.

All other cases of cushing's syndrome are due to excess production of cortisol by the adrenal gland including 1) an abnormal growth of the pituitary gland, which stimulates the adrenal gland, 2) a benign or malignant growth within the adrenal gland itself, which produces cortisol and 3) production within another part of the body (ectopic production) of a hormone that directly or indirectly stimulates the adrenal gland to make cortisol. Harvey cushing (1869-1939), a neurosurgeon, described hyperadrenocorticism due specifically to an acth-secreting basophilic pituitary adenoma, a benign pituitary tumour that puts out acth (adrenocorticotropic hormone) that, in turn, drives (or overdrives) the adrenal gland.

Learn more about Hyperadrenocorticism

Micromedex Care Notes:

• Cushing Syndrome

Medical Encyclopedia:

• Cushing syndrome due to adrenal tumor

Drug List:

Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin

Pronunciation: FOE-lik AS-id/SYE-an-oh-koe-BAL-a-min
Generic Name: Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin
Brand Name: Foltrate

Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin is used for:

Supplementing the diet to treat or prevent vitamin deficiency. It may also be used for other conditions as determined by your doctor.

Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin is a vitamin combination. It works by increasing the amounts of folic acid and cyanocobalamin (vitamin B₁₂) in the body.

Do NOT use Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin if:

• you are allergic to any ingredient in Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin

Contact your doctor or health care provider right away if any of these apply to you.

Before using Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin:

Some medical conditions may interact with Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin. Tell your doctor or pharmacist if you have any medical conditions, especially if any of the following apply to you:

• if you are pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding


• if you are taking any prescription or nonprescription medicine, herbal preparation, or dietary supplement


• if you have allergies to medicines, foods, or other substances


• if you have anemia or a condition known as Leber hereditary optic atrophy

Some MEDICINES MAY INTERACT with Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin. Tell your health care provider if you are taking any other medicines, especially any of the following:

• Hydantoins (eg, phenytoin) because their effectiveness may be decreased by Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin

This may not be a complete list of all interactions that may occur. Ask your health care provider if Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin may interact with other medicines that you take. Check with your health care provider before you start, stop, or change the dose of any medicine.

How to use Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin:

Use Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin as directed by your doctor. Check the label on the medicine for exact dosing instructions.

• Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin may be taken with or without food.


• If you miss a dose of Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

Ask your health care provider any questions you may have about how to use Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin.

Important safety information:

• Do not take large doses of vitamins (megadoses or megavitamin therapy) while taking Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin unless directed to by your doctor.


• Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin should be used with extreme caution in CHILDREN; safety and effectiveness in children have not been confirmed.


• PREGNANCY and BREAST-FEEDING: It is not known if Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin can cause harm to the fetus. If you become pregnant, contact your doctor. You will need to discuss the benefits and risks of taking Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin while you are pregnant. If you are or will be breast-feeding while you take Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin, check with your doctor. Discuss any possible risks to your baby.

Possible side effects of Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin:

All medicines may cause side effects, but many people have no, or minor, side effects. No COMMON side effects have been reported with Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin. Seek medical attention right away if any of these SEVERE side effects occur:

Severe allergic reactions (rash; hives; itching; difficulty breathing; tightness in the chest; swelling of the mouth, face, lips, or tongue).

This is not a complete list of all side effects that may occur. If you have questions about side effects, contact your health care provider. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. To report side effects to the appropriate agency, please read the Guide to Reporting Problems to FDA.

If OVERDOSE is suspected:

Contact 1-800-222-1222 (the American Association of Poison Control Centers), your local poison control center, or emergency room immediately.

Proper storage of Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin:

Store Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin at room temperature, between 59 and 86 degrees F (15 and 30 degrees C). Store away from heat, moisture, and light. Do not store in the bathroom. Keep Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin out of the reach of children and away from pets.

General information:

• If you have any questions about Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin, please talk with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.


• Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin is to be used only by the patient for whom it is prescribed. Do not share it with other people.


• If your symptoms do not improve or if they become worse, check with your doctor.


• Check with your pharmacist about how to dispose of unused medicine.

This information is a summary only. It does not contain all information about Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin. If you have questions about the medicine you are taking or would like more information, check with your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care provider.

Issue Date: February 1, 2012

Database Edition 12.1.1.002

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.

More Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin resources

• Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin Use in Pregnancy & Breastfeeding
• Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin Drug Interactions
• Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin Support Group
• 4 Reviews for Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin - Add your own review/rating

Compare Folic Acid/Cyanocobalamin with other medications

• Dietary Supplementation
• Hyperhomocysteinemia